Combined application of organic manure and reduced-rate chemical fertilizer improved growth, nutrient use efficiency, biomass accumulation, and carbon sequestration of Zanthoxylum armatum seedlings
Arthur Novikov, Siarhei Rabko, Tatyana Novikova, E. Petrishchev
(2023)
The effect of the individual seed mass of Negorelskaya variety Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) on 30-day germination in 40-cell SideSlit growing containers
During a three-year survey in 14 forest nurseries in Serbia we measured seedlings of 19 species and 96 stocktypes of both conifers and broadleaves. Seedlings were measured in the nurseries for height and diameter, and subsamples was taken for measurements of shoot and root dry weight, and presence of mycorrhiza. Results of mean values and variation of measured morphological attributes are presented and compared to Serbian standard for seedlings quality. We found mycorrhiza on seedlings root from almost every nursery, seedbed and tray. Our results show that current nursery cultural practice need to be improved and that seedlings quality standards should be updated.
Bacher, M., Zöll, M., & Peintner, U. (2010). Ectomycorrhizal status of Larix decidua-, Picea abies-and Pinus cembra-nursery plants in South Tyrol. Forest Observer, 3–30.
Burdett, A. N. (1990). Physiological processes in plantation establishment and the development of specifications for forest planting stock. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 20(4), 415–427. https://doi.org/10.1139/x90-059
Castellano, M., Molina R ; Ćirković-Mitrović, T., Popović, V., Lj, B.-B., Lučić, A., & Lj, R. (1989). The effect of application of mineral fertilizers and microbiological preparation on radial growth of walnut (Juglans regia L.) seedling. International Conference: Forestry science and practice for the purpose of sustainable development of forestry -20 years of the Faculty of Forestry in Banja Luka. 93.
Cram, M., & Dumroese, R. (2012). Mycorrhizae in forest tree nurseries. 20–23.
Croghan, C. F. (1984). Survey for Mycorrhizal Fungi in Lake States Tree Nurseries. Mycologia, 76(5), 951–953. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1984.12023936
(N.d.). Reforesta Scientific Society.
Dey, D. C., & Parker, W. C. (1997). Morphological indicators of stock quality and field performance of red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings underplanted in a central Ontario shelterwood. New Forests, 14(2), 145–156. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1006577201244
Devetaković, J. R., Makimović, Z., Ivanović, B., Baković, Z., & Ivetić, V. (2017). Stocktype effect on field performance of Austrian pine seedlings. REFORESTA, 4, 21–26. https://doi.org/10.21750/refor.4.03.42
Dickson, A., Leaf, A. L., & Hosner, J. F. (1960). QUALITY APPRAISAL OF WHITE SPRUCE AND WHITE PINE SEEDLING STOCK IN NURSERIES. The Forestry Chronicle, 36(1), 10–13. https://doi.org/10.5558/tfc36010-1
Dumroese, R. K., Landis, T. D., Pinto, J. R., Haase, D. L., Wilkinson, K. W., & Davis, A. S. (2025). Meeting Forest Restoration Challenges: Using the Target Plant Concept. REFORESTA, 1, 37–52. https://doi.org/10.21750/refor.1.03.3
Duryea, M. L. (1984). Nursery Cultural Practices: Impacts on Seedling Quality. In Forestry Sciences (pp. 143–164). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6110-4_15
Flykt, E., Timonen, S., & Pennanen, T. (2008). Variation of ectomycorrhizal colonisation in Norway spruce seedlings in Finnish forest nurseries. Silva Fennica, 42(4). https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.234
Grossnickle, S. (2005). The thin green line: a symposium on the state-of-the-art in reforestation. 138–144.
Grossnickle, S. C. (2005). Importance of root growth in overcoming planting stress. New Forests, 30(2–3), 273–294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-004-8303-2
Grossnickle, S. C. (2012). Why seedlings survive: influence of plant attributes. New Forests, 43(5–6), 711–738. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-012-9336-6
Ivetić, V. (2013). Handbook on Seed production, seedling production and afforestation. 213.
Ivetić, V., & Devetaković, J. (2016). Reforestation challenges in Southeast Europe facing climate change. REFORESTA, 1, 178–220. https://doi.org/10.21750/10.21750/refor.1.10.10
Ivetić, V., Devetaković, J., & Maksimović, Z. (2016). Initial height and diameter are equally related to survival and growth of hardwood seedlings in first year after field planting. REFORESTA, 2, 6–21. https://doi.org/10.21750/refor.2.02.17
Ivetić, V., Grossnickle, S., & Škorić, M. (2017). Forecasting the field performance of Austrian pine seedlings using morphological attributes. IForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, 10(1), 99–107. https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor1722-009
Ivetić, V., & Škorić, M. (2013). The impact of seeds provenance and nursery provenance method on Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arn.) seedlings quality. Ann For Res, 2, 297–306.
Ivetić, V., Stjepanović, S., Devetaković, J., Stanković, D., & Å korić, M. (2014). Relationships between leaf traits and morphological attributes in one-year bareroot Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl. seedlings. Annals of Forest Research, 57(2), 197–203. https://doi.org/10.15287/afr.2014.214
Jinks, R., & Mason, B. (1998). Effects of seedling density on the growth of Corsican pine (Pinus nigra var. maritima Melv.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Franco) in containers. Annales Des Sciences Forestières, 55(4), 407–423. https://doi.org/10.1051/forest:19980402
Johnson, J. D., & Cline, M. L. (1991). Seedling Quality of Southern Pines. In Forestry Sciences (pp. 143–159). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3800-0_8
Kolevska, D., Trajkov, P., & Maletic, V. (2015). Effects of spacing black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) seedlings in stripes on morphological characteristics and yield per unit area. 50–59.
Konnert, M., & Ruetz, W. (2003). Influence of nursery practices on the genetic structure of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedling populations. Forest Ecology and Management, 184(1–3), 193–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(03)00206-8
Kormanik, P. ;, & Landis, T. (1989). Grading Seedlings: Importance and Long Term Impact. Reforesta Scientific Society.
North, D. (n.d.).
Landis, T., Tinus, R., Mcdonald, S., & Barnett, J. (1994). Nursery planning, development and management. The container tree nursery manual 1. Agriculture Handbook 674. 188.
Li, G. L., Liu, Y., Zhu, Y., Yang, J., Sun, H. Y., Jia, Z. K., & Ma, L. Y. (2011). Influence of initial age and size on the field performance of Larix olgensis seedlings. New Forests, 42(2), 215–226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-011-9248-x
Maltoni, A., Mariotti, B., Tani, A., & Jacobs, D. F. (2010). Relation ofFraxinus excelsiorseedling morphology to growth and root proliferation during field establishment. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 25(sup8), 60–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2010.485805
Mariotti, B., Maltoni, A., Chiarabaglio, P. M., Giorcelli, A., Jacobs, D. F., Tognetti, R., & Tani, A. (2015). Can the use of large, alternative nursery containers aid in field establishment of Juglans regia and Quercus robur seedlings? New Forests, 46(5–6), 773–794. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-015-9505-5
Mctague, J., & Tinus, R. (1996). The effects of seedling quality and forest site weather on field survival of ponderosa pine. Tree Planters’ Notes, 1, 16–32.
Mohammed, G. H. (1997). The status and future of stock quality testing. New Forests, 13(1–3), 491–514. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1006571718255
Molina, R., & Trappe, J. M. (1984). Mycorrhiza Management in Bareroot Nurseries. In Forestry Sciences (pp. 211–223). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6110-4_20
Ninić-Todorović, J., Ognjanov, V., Keserović, Z., Cerović, S., Bijelić, S., Čukanović, J., Kurjakov, A., & Čabilovski, R. (2012). Turkish hazel (Corylus colurna l.) оffspring variability as a foundation for grafting rootstock production. Bulg J Agric Sci, 883–888.
Pietras, M., Rudawska, M., Leski, T., & Karliński, L. (2012). Diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungus assemblages on nursery grown European beech seedlings. Annals of Forest Science, 70(2), 115–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-012-0243-y
Popovic, V., Lucic, A., Rakonjac, L., Cirkovic-Mitrovic, T., & Brasanac-Bosanac, L. (2015). Influence of acorn size on morphological characteristics of one-year-old Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings. Archives of Biological Sciences, 67(4), 1357–1360. https://doi.org/10.2298/abs150121113p
Popović, V., Lj, R., & Lučić, A. (2017). Quality indicators of two-year-old seedlings of the sycamore maple. Acer Pseudoplatanus L.). Šumarstvo, 1–2, 43–52.
Radoglou, K. (2002). The impact of storage, desiccation and planting date on seedling quality and survival of woody plant species. Forestry, 75(2), 179–190. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/75.2.179
Repáč, I., Balanda, M., Vencurik, J., Kmet, J., Krajmerová, D., & Paule, L. (2015). Effects of substrate and ectomycorrhizal inoculation on the development of two-years-old container-grown Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) seedlings. IForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, 8(4), 487–496. https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor1291-007
Rose, R., Gleason, J. F., & Atkinson, M. (1993). Morphological and water-stress characteristics of three Douglas-fir stocktypes in relation to seedling performance under different soil moisture conditions. New Forests, 7(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00037468
Salaš, P. (2002). New technologies and improvement of nursery stock quality. Hort Sci, 4, 153–160.
Salifu, K. F., & Jacobs, D. F. (2006). Characterizing fertility targets and multi-element interactions in nursery culture ofQuercus rubraseedlings. Annals of Forest Science, 63(3), 231–237. https://doi.org/10.1051/forest:2006001
Sampson, P., Templeton, C., & Colombo, S. (1997). An overview of Ontario’s Stock Quality Assessment Program New For. 469–487.
Škorić, M. (2014). Impact of production technology and provenance on the quality and success of afforestation with Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) seedlings. Reforesta Scientific Society.
Stewart, J., & Bernier, P. (1995). Gas exchange and water relations of 3 sizes of containerized Picea mariana seedlings subjected to atmospheric and edaphic water stress under controlled conditions. Annales Des Sciences Forestières, 52(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1051/forest:19950101
Stilinović, S. (1960). Root collar as basis for clasifying of seedlings of some broadleaved species (Preliminary communication). Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, 20, 201–205.
Stjepanović, S., & Ivetić, V. (2013). Morphological incicators of the quality of one-year-old bare-root seedlings of wild cherry (Prunus avium L.). Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, 205–216.
Tani, A., Adduci, M., Barbarotti, S., Maltoni, A., & Mariotti, B. (2007). Comparison of Juglans regia L. bare-root nursery stocks for plantations: morphological characterization. Forest@ - Rivista Di Selvicoltura Ed Ecologia Forestale, 4(2), 227–234. https://doi.org/10.3832/efor0454-0040227
Thompson, B. (1985). Evaluating seedling quality: principles, procedures, and predictive ability of major tests. 59–72.
Tsakaldimi, M., Ganatsas, P., & Jacobs, D. F. (2012). Prediction of planted seedling survival of five Mediterranean species based on initial seedling morphology. New Forests, 44(3), 327–339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-012-9339-3
Wrzesiński, P. (2015). The influence of seedling density in containers on morphological characteristics of European beech. Forest Research Papers, 76(3), 304–310. https://doi.org/10.1515/frp-2015-0029
The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). We stay neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.