Field trials were conducted in 2010 and 2011 to evaluate floristic composition of weeds and the efficacy of pre herbicides in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) nurseries. The weed population in both years was consisted mainly of annual spring and summer weeds, and some perennial weeds. The weediness in both years was relatively high. Weed density in the untreated control plots was 106.5 plants per m2 in 2010 and 87.4 plants per m2 in 2011. The most dominant weeds were Chenopodium album, Polygonum aviculare and Amaranthus retroflexus in 2010 and Polygonum aviculare, Tribolus terestris and Cynodon dactilon in 2011. By taxonomic aspect, the weed flora was distributed in 11 families. 15 weed species were dicotyledons and 2 weed species were monocotyledons. Terophytes were the dominant life form weed category in black locust nurseries. Efficacy of herbicides 28 days after treatment (DAT) ranged from 91.0% (pendimethalin) to 95.3% (linuron) in 2010, and 74.5% (linuron) to 88.0% (pendimethalin) in 2011, respectively. Efficacy of herbicides 56 DAT ranged from 93.6% (pendimethalin) to 98.3% (linuron) in 2010, and from 74.8% (linuron) to 83.1% (pendimethalin) in 2011, respectively. Prevailing weed control by herbicides was not consistent over the years. However, efficacy of herbicides in control of prevailing weeds 28 and 56 DAT ranged from 88% to 100% in 2010 and 7% to 86% in 2011, respectively. Lower herbicide efficacy in 2011 was most likely due to high precipitation occurred immediately after herbicide application and domination of perennial weeds, particularly Cynodon dactilon.
Abrahamson, L. P. (1985). Forest tree nursery herbicide studies in the northern Great Plains: herbicide phytotoxicity tables. Intermountain Nurserymen’s Association 1985 Annual Meeting.
Anonymous. (2010). Analysis of operations for 2010. In in the nurseries of PE Macedonian Forests.
Butler, M., Martens, B., Mckenzie, J., Cloud, M., Cloud, J., & Campbell, C. (2003). Herbicide evaluation on seed carrots. Central Oregon Agricultural Research Center, 12–13.
Domac, R. (1984). A small flora of Croatia and neighbouring countries.
Erman, M., Tepe, I., Yazlik, A., Levent, R., & Ipek, K. (2004). Effect of weed control treatments on weeds, seed yield, yield components and nodulation in winter lentil. Weed Research, 44(4), 305–312. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.2004.00404.x
Frans, R. E., Talbert, R., Marx, D., & Crowley, H. (1986). Experimental design and techniques for measuring and analyzing plant responses to weed control practices. In Research methods in weed science (p. 37 38).
GlavaÅ¡, M., GlavaÅ¡, S., BudinÄÅ¡ak, M., & Vukadin, A. (2009). Å tetoÄinje i zaÅ¡tita biljaka u rasadniku “Podbadanj†od 1993. Do, 133(11–12), 623–627.
Holm, L. G., Donald, P., Pancho, J. V., & Herberger, J. P. (1977). The World’s worst weeds: Distribution and biology (p. 609).
Klapp, E., & Boberfeld, W. (1990).
Kojić, M. (1981).
Kojić, M., & Janjić, V. (1994).
Kostov, T. (2006). Herbology.
KovaÄević, J. (1976). Korovi u poljoprivredi, Nakladni zavod znanje.
Mantovani, D., Veste, M., & Freese, D. (2014). Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) ecophysiological and morphological adaptations to drought and their consequence on biomass production and water-use efficiency. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 44(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40490-014-0029-0
Oberdorfer, E. (2001). Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora fur Deutschland und angrenzende Gebiete.
Procópio, S. O., Silva, A. A., Ferreira, L. R., Miranda, G. V., Santos, J. B., & Araújo, G. A. A. (2001). Eficiência do s-metolachlor no controle de Brachiaria plantaginea na cultura do feijão sob dois manejos de irrigação. Planta Daninha, 19(3), 427–433. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582001000300016
Ramsey, F. L., & Schafer, D. W. (1997). The Statistical Sleuth: A course in methods of data analysis (pp. 91–97).
Schroeder, W. R., & Alspach, L. K. (1995). Herbicide Program at the PFRA Shelterbelt Centre. National Proceedings, Forest and Conservation Nursery Associations.
SIKKEMA, P., DEEN, W., & VYAS, S. (2005). Weed Control in Pea with Reduced Rates of Imazethapyr Applied Preemergence and Postemergence1. Weed Technology, 19(1), 14–18. https://doi.org/10.1614/WT-03-051R3
South, D. B., & Carey, W. A. (2005). Weed Control in Bareroot Hardwood Nurseries USDA Forest Service Proceedings RMRS-P-35. 34–38.
Stamenkov, M., & Kolevska, D. (2000). Dependence between the length of the hydrotermical treatment and the germination of the Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) of different origin.
TAYLOR-LOVELL, S., WAX, L. M., & BOLLERO, G. (2002). Preemergence Flumioxazin and Pendimethalin and Postemergence Herbicide Systems for Soybean (Glycine max)1. Weed Technology, 16(3), 502–511. https://doi.org/10.1614/0890-037X(2002)016[0502:PFAPAP]2.0.CO;2
Timmons, F. L. (2005). A History of Weed Control in the United States and Canada1. Weed Science, 53(6), 748–761. https://doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2005)053[0748:AHOWCI]2.0.CO;2
TreÅ¡tić, T., Mujezinović, O., & Osmić, S. (2013). Use of peticides in forest nurseries in the territory of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Vol. 2, pp. 13–26).
Trendafilov, A., Rizovska Atanasovska, J., & Trendafilov, B. (2009). Preliminary research on the process of biological reclamation of the slag disposal site “Kale†at the ferronickel smeltery “Feni Industriesâ€â€“Kavadarci. International Conference: Land Conservation - Landcon 0905, WASWC.
Vangessel, M. J., Schweizer, E. E., Wilson, R. G., Wiles, L. J., & Westra, P. (1998). Impact of Timing and Frequency of In-Row Cultivation for Weed Control in Dry Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Weed Technology, 12(3), 548–553. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0890037X00044298
Vasic, V., Konstantinovic, B., & Orlovic, S. (n.d.). Weeds in Forestry and Possibilities of Their Control. In Weed Control. https://doi.org/10.5772/34792
Vencill, W. K., Wilson, H. P., Hines, T. E., & Hatzios, K. K. (1990). Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) and Rotational Crop Response to Imazethapyr in Pea (Pisum sativum) and Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Weed Technology, 4(1), 39–43. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0890037X00024945
Warmund, M. R., Geyer, W. A., & Long, C. E. (1983). Preemergent Herbicides for Direct Seeding Kentucky Coffeetree, HoneyLocust, and Black Locust. Tree Planter’s Notes, 34(3).
Weiland, J. E., Leon, A. L., Edmonds, R. L., Littke, W. R., Browning, J. E., Davis, A., Beck, B. R., Miller, T. W., Cherry, M. L., & Rose, R. (2011). The effects of methyl bromide alternatives on soil and seedling pathogen populations, weeds, and seedling morphology in Oregon and Washington forest nurseries. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 41(9), 1885–1896. https://doi.org/10.1139/x11-103
Willoughby, I., Dixon, F. L., Clay, D. V., & Jinks, R. L. (2007). Tolerance of broadleaved tree and shrub seedlings to preemergence herbicides. New Forests, 34(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-006-9031-6
YENISH, J. P., & EATON, N. A. (2002). Weed Control in Dry Pea (Pisum sativum) Under Conventional and No-Tillage Systems1. Weed Technology, 16(1), 88–95. https://doi.org/10.1614/0890-037X(2002)016[0088:WCIDPP]2.0.CO;2
The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). We stay neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
